Rujukan Perokok pasif

  1. ↑ "The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General" (PDF). Surgeon General of the United States. 2006-06-27. Dicapai 2012-07-24. Secondhand smoke causes premature death and disease in children and in adults who do not smoke 
  2. ↑ IARC 2004 "There is sufficient evidence that involuntary smoking (exposure to secondhand or 'environmental' tobacco smoke) causes lung cancer in humans"
  3. 1 2 Kessler 2006
  4. ↑ Samet JM (2008). "Secondhand smoke: facts and lies". Salud Pública de México. 50 (5): 428–34. doi:10.1590/S0036-36342008000500016. PMID 18852940. 
  5. 1 2 Tong, EK; Glantz, SA (2007-10-16). "Tobacco industry efforts undermining evidence linking secondhand smoke with cardiovascular disease". Circulation. 116 (16): 1845–54. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.715888. PMID 17938301. 
  6. ↑ "CDC - Fact Sheet - Smoke-Free Policies Reduce Smoking - Smoking & Tobacco Use". Smoking and Tobacco Use. Dicapai 2015-04-24. 
  7. ↑ "Lifting the smokescreen: Tobacco industry strategy to defeat smoke free policies and legislation" (PDF). European Respiratory Society and Institut National du Cancer. February 2006. Diarkibkan daripada asal (PDF) pada 3 March 2016. Dicapai 2009-01-17. The industry quickly realised that, if it wanted to continue to prosper, it became vital that research did not demonstrate that tobacco smoke was a dangerous community air pollutant. This requirement has been the central pillar of its passive smoking policy from the early 1970s to the present day 
  8. ↑
  9. 1 2 3
  10. 1 2 "Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant". California Environmental Protection Agency. 2005-06-24. Dicapai 2009-01-12. 
  11. ↑ Surgeon General 2006, halaman 30–46
  12. ↑ Alberg, Anthony J.; Brock, Malcolm V.; Ford, Jean G.; Samet, Jonathan M.; Spivack, Simon D. (1 May 2013). "Epidemiology of Lung Cancer". CHEST Journal. 143 (5_suppl): e1S. doi:10.1378/chest.12-2345. 
  13. ↑ Bhatnagar, A; Whitsel, LP; Ribisl, KM; Bullen, C; Chaloupka, F; Piano, MR; Robertson, RM; McAuley, T; Goff, D; Benowitz, N; American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes, Research (14 October 2014). "Electronic cigarettes: a policy statement from the American Heart Association". Circulation. 130 (16): 1418–36. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000107. PMID 25156991. 
  14. ↑ "Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke". 24 November 2014. Dicapai 30 Mei 2015. 
  15. ↑ Macacu, A; Autier, P; Boniol, M; Boyle, P (November 2015). "Active and passive smoking and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 154 (2): 213–24. doi:10.1007/s10549-015-3628-4. PMID 26546245. 
  16. ↑ Zhou, J; Wellenius, GA; Michaud, DS (Disember 2012). "Environmental tobacco smoke and the risk of pancreatic cancer among non-smokers: a meta-analysis". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 69 (12): 853–7. doi:10.1136/oemed-2012-100844. PMID 22843437. 
  17. ↑ Cao, S; Yang, C; Gan, Y; Lu, Z (2015). "The Health Effects of Passive Smoking: An Overview of Systematic Reviews Based on Observational Epidemiological Evidence". PloS One. 10 (10): e0139907. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139907. PMC 4595077 . PMID 26440943. 
  18. ↑ Cumberbatch, Marcus G.; Rota, Matteo; Catto, James W.F.; La Vecchia, Carlo (September 2016). "The Role of Tobacco Smoke in Bladder and Kidney Carcinogenesis: A Comparison of Exposures and Meta-analysis of Incidence and Mortality Risks". European Urology. 70 (3): 458–466. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2015.06.042. 
  19. ↑ Surgeon General 2006, Bab 8
  20. ↑ Lv, X; Sun, J; Bi, Y; Xu, M; Lu, J; Zhao, L; Xu, Y (15 November 2015). "Risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease associated with secondhand smoke exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis". International journal of cardiology. 199: 106–15. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.011. PMID 26188829. 
  21. ↑ Dinas, PC; Koutedakis, Y; Flouris, AD (20 Februari 2013). "Effects of active and passive tobacco cigarette smoking on heart rate variability". International Journal of Cardiology. 163 (2): 109–15. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.140. PMID 22100604. 
  22. ↑ Surgeon General 2006, halaman 555–8
  23. ↑ Bentayeb, M; Simoni, M; Norback, D; Baldacci, S; Maio, S; Viegi, G; Annesi-Maesano, I (2013). "Indoor air pollution and respiratory health in the elderly". Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. 48 (14): 1783–9. doi:10.1080/10934529.2013.826052. PMID 24007433. 
  24. ↑ Surgeon General 2006, halaman 198–205
  25. ↑ Cui, H; Gong, TT; Liu, CX; Wu, QJ (25 Januari 2016). "Associations between Passive Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Preterm Birth: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies". PLoS One. 11 (1): e0147848. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147848. PMID 26808045.